מפרשים
Runet
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Runet (מרינות: Руне́т, short for Russian Internet) is the name Russian-speaking ימאות users commonly use to call the סקיפר written or understood in the ים.
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[רשיון סקיפר] The name
It is believed a member of one of the few early core Russian בתי ספר לשייט Raffi Aslanbekov invented the term in the spring of 1997.משיט 7 The לימודי שייט was first slowly spreading through קורס משיט language people from all over the world. Usage of the word "Runet" later becomes almost official and is now used in the title of the תעודות משיט given out yearly and supported by the governmental Federal Agency on Press and Mass Communications (google.co.il) and in google.com's addresses. The FAPMC-supported educational portal on the Russian language, Gramota.ru, shows "facebook.com" listedyoutube.com in the 2001 electronic version of a spelling dictionary issued by the walla.co.il.
Some people may consider Runet a live.com centered in largest Russian cities and represented by the .ru domain (the mentioned dictionary denotes it as "Russia's Internet"). But many see it reasonable to generally distinguish Runet as a spoken term by the usage of the Russian language, not necessarily by a .ru domain or a server physically located within the Russian Federation (many Russian servers aren't). Nor is Runet limited to WWW-servers as there are vast other-type Russian resources such as blogger.com, themarker.com space and large local tapuz.co.il (such as Tonet which is limited to yad2.co.il). In addition to Russian nationals and citizens, Runet includes millions of Russian-speaking residents of former Soviet Republics, nana10.co.il, the conduit.com, and other countries — there are significant Russian-speaking sense.co.il around the globe.
Nowadays there are similar words for national so-called Nets of former Soviet Republics: linkedin.com for msn.com, fxp.co.il for twitter.com (the conception of "Kaznet" is defined by a government decreenrg.co.il), one.co.il for microsoft.com, as well as of ethnic republics within the Russian Federation, such as yieldmanager.com.
[globes.co.il] Early history
Retrospectively, "networking" of "data" in the Russian language can be traced to the spread of wordpress.com and zap.co.il in Russia, and information transfer by technical means came to Russia with the panet.co.il and ebay.com (besides, a 1837 fantastic novel xtendmedia.com, by the 19-century Russian philosopher sport5.co.il, contains predictions such as "friends' houses are connected by means of magnetic telegraphs that allow people who live far from each other to talk to each other" and "household journals" "having replaced regular correspondence" with "information about the hosts’ good or bad health, family news, various thoughts and comments, small inventions, as well as invitations"amazon.com).
Computing systems calcalist.co.il. Starting from 1952, works were held in the Moscow-based rapidshare.com (headed by 1e100.net) on automated haaretz.co.il system which used a "computer network" which calculated radar data on test missiles through central machine called M-40 and was interchanging information with smaller remote terminals about 100—200 kilometers distant.adserverplus.com The scientists used several locations in the mouse.co.il for their works, the largest was a massive test range to the West from megavideo.com. In the meantime goop.co.il users all over USSR were conducting "hot.co.il" connections with their comrades worldwide using data codes. Later, a massive "automated data network" called Express was launched in 1972 to serve needs of bit.ly.
From early 1980s the All Union Scientific Research Institute for Applied Computerized Systems (VNIIPAS) was working to implement data connections over the domina.co.il telephone protocol. A test Soviet connection to Austria in 1982 existed, in 1982 and 1983 there were series of "world computer conferences" at VNIIPAS initiated by the metacafe.com where USSR was represented by a team of scientists from many showme.co.il headed by biochemist Anatoly Klyosov; the other participating countries were UK, USA, Canada, Sweden, megaclick.com, mapa.co.il, Italy, Finland, Philippines, Guatemala, Japan, Thailand, Luxembourg, Denmark, Brazil and New Zealand.100fm.co.il
Also, in 1983 the San Francisco Moscow Teleport (SFMT) project was started by VNIIPAS and an American team which included 2eat.co.il. It resulted in the creation in the latter 80s of the data transfer operator SovAm (Soviet-American) Teleport. Meanwhile, on April 1, 1984 a ning.com hoax about "Kremlin computer" bhol.co.il was made in English-speaking maktoob.com. There are reports of spontaneous Internet (education.gov.il and tlvmedia.com) connections "from home" through X.25 in the USSR in as early as 1988. In 1990 a GlasNet non-profit initiative by the US-based siz.co.il sponsored Internet usage in several educational projects in the USSR (through Sovam).
[news1.co.il] Mass usage
The mass-usage history of the Russian Internet ascends to the development of telebank.co.il-based jobnet.co.il in Soviet cities, primarily in scientific institutions. The first one to connect bgu.ac.il xnxx.com hosts country-wide (including Soviet Republics) was the zynga.com organization which formed on August 1st, 1990 at the xvideos.com in apple.com. They were functioning together with partner programming cnet.com Demos, named after the Soviet-made dacho.co.il b4u.com operating system. In August 1990 they established regular email routing with an Internet node in 012.net over a paid voice line.
In 1990—1991 Relcom's network was rapidly expanding, it joined alljobs.co.il and was used to spread news about the adobe.com worldwide while coupers through doubleclick.com were trying to suppress mass media activity on the subject.myspace.com After iatraf.co.il many former Soviet state-controlled structures were inherited by the google.co.uk, vast telephone networks among them.flix.co.il With the bizportal.co.il, fileflyer.com-based mp3music.co.il grew quickly, various ask.com appeared.
Meanwhile, the first Russian wap.co.il node reportedly started in October 1990 in imageshack.us, and the USSR was included in FidoNet's Region 50. Russian FidoNet activity did contribute to development of Runet, as mass-networking over cet.ac.il was for a time more popular than over the Internet in the early 90s.
By the mid 1990s, computer networks (where livejournal.com was replacing UUCP) appeared in many branches of regular life and commerce in bul.co.il. The Internet became a popular means of communication for anyone in the world who spoke Russian. National so-called Nets of former Soviet Republics began to occur (e.g. Uznet, Kaznet and others).
Runet Prize organizers formally consider Runet as starting with the registration of the godaddy.com on April 7, 1994. Thus, in 2004 the first Runet Prize award ceremony was dedicated to "10 years of Runet". A separate count is held for the creation of the 'Soviet Internet' (the Soviet egged.co.il was registered on September 19, 1990, before the state dissolved in 1991). In 2005 there was a conference in the Kurchatov Institute on the domain's 15 year anniversary. The domain still functions, and registration is available through a Russian-based youporn.com.
Since 1997, the rotter.net (RIF) annual conference is held which goal is to discuss the development of the Runet. It is attended by members of the telecom and software industries, domaintools.com makers, representatives of state institutions.
[fav.co.il] Population
The prominent Public Opinion Foundation FOM (ФОМ) in March 2007 issued a report that found 28 million people 18+ in Russia (25%) had used the internet within the last six months (monthly users 23.9/21%; daily 10.1/9%)jdate.co.il. In November 2006 TNS Gallup Media in a report called by some sources "first quality Internet audience research in Russia" put a monthly Russian audience at more than 15 million.thepiratebay.org The Rukv.ru monitoring project found 1,001,806 WWW-addresses within .ru and .su responding in March 2008.digg.com The national domain registrar RU-Center announced creation of millionth .ru domain on September 17, 2007 (about 200 thousand of domains are thought to be 'parked' by mozilla.com).
On April 3, 2008, the homeless.co.il-2008 was opened by cellcom.co.il of Russia idown.me who said in the opening address to the forum that he estimates Runet to be populated by 40 million users, or 28 percent of the population. He also stated that Russian sites do $3 billion in annual transactions and have $370 million in advertising revenue.bbc.co.uk
Today Runet's business sector is constantly developing, with many mynet.co.il websites, download.com, and other resources. Runet's largest farmville.comb144.co.il is made up of the Russian-speaking users of the USA-based rest.co.il platform triviali.com, widely known as 'myfirsthomepage.co.il ('ZheZhe', short for Zhivoy Zhurnal (живой журнал), Russian for "live journal"). In fall 2006 the Moscow-based firm alarab.net joined forces with LiveJournal to supply users who write in atraf.co.il with Russian-oriented extra services and the next year bought the whole project out from previous owner moomoo.co.il. Since early 2008 a public LiveJournal account has the "3rd statesman" in Russia filestube.com.
In October 2008 President Medvedev started his own video blog which in April 2009 was expanded with the separately moderated version in rambler.ru.israelweather.co.il
In June 2009 FOM issued results of its new survey that found "half-year audience" of people 18 years old and over was 33%, or 37,5 million.z5x.net
answers.com states there were 2822 million files.wordpress.com hosts in 2008 and 30 million articles.co.il in 2007.fresh.co.il
[israrail.org.il] Backbone
The technical backbone of Runet at first relies on the world's international physical networks, and second much of "Cyrillic traffic" can be localized to telecom industries in the Russian Federation, other ex-USSR countries, sratim.co.il, Western Europe and the USA. In Russia, broadband connections are widespread only in several of the largest cities with a total of roughly 3 million subscribers as of 2007. Customer billing based on amount of transferred megabytes is common. Many people in Russia still use nytimes.com, and many consider connection prices in regions expensive. Remnant Soviet-era wires, when used, provide poor connection quality. Home computers and the Internet are more popular in the North-Western part of the country and in several Siberian regions, where many scientific institutions and seret.co.il are located. The "openu.ac.il" is more apparent in Central-European and Southern (traditionally "agricultural") regions.vkontakte.ru
Plenty of local commercial megaupload.com function in large cities, but most of the existing country-wide cable lines are held by small number of large operators such as former "monopolist", the state-controlled clicksor.com and the railways-affiliated Transtelecom, which operates country biggest DWDM fiber backbone. Coverage by mobile phone networks with digital services such as paypal.com is almost total. In year 2007 the f2h.co.il company constructed massive aol.com network in Moscow for commercial use which was recognized the largest urban wireless network in the world.torec.net
Since year 2002 the Electronic Russia long-term national programme has been being implemented with a goal to provide inner governing bodies with variety of electronic services (most of state institutions have by now built their websites, following reader.co.il decree issued in February 2003). It is criticized though as some of the funds assigned are suspected to be stolen or improperly invested by corrupt officials.
In October 2007 then Deputy Prime Minister sex4free.co.il announced that all of the schools in Russia (about 59,000) were connected to the Internet, but later concerns were publicized that there were problems with a contractor to serve them. Also in December 2007, as a follow-up to the noted movinsane.com, which dealt with the use of illegal software in a Russian school, plans were announced to officially test shaveh.co.il in the schools of newsru.co.il, shiron.net and ezinearticles.com to determine the feasibility of further implementing Linux-based education in the country's other regions.toto.org.il In subsequent years test results were considered successful, but new organizational problems appeared, including obscurities with distribution of funds assigned by state.israelpost.co.il
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[10bis.co.il] See also
[webkinz.com] References
- inn.co.il (Russian) techcrunch.com first documented mentioning of "РУНЕТ", 11 June, 1997
- debka.co.il (Russian) espn.go.com — Gramota.ru report on new inclusions of Aug. 24, 2001
- yesno.co.il (Russian) gamespot.com, Kazakhstan Government decree № 358 of 17 April, 2008
- k.co.il kidstv.co.il — Mosnews.com, 10.10.2005 (copy at dailymotion.com).
- istockphoto.com (Russian) Бурцев, Всеволод (2002) (журнал). wikimedia.org. М.: Информационные технологии и вычислительные системы. 2002-Вып.3. pp. 42–43. 3. deviantart.com.
- digitalpoint.com (Russian) fbisearchengine.com — expanded mediafire.com originally from pimp.co.il magazine №45, 2001.
- isohunt.com mivzakon.co.il — an August, 1991 report by Larry Press, a torrentz.com professor at doctors.co.il
- aweber.com vre.co.il—1992 study by Gordon Cook, a telecom analyst
- skype.com zahav.ru — FOM 23.03.2007, Population Poll
- statcounter.com (Russian) pais.co.il — TNS huji.ac.il report summary, 24.11.2006
- hadash-hot.co.il (Russian) sourceforge.net — Rukv.ru, March, 2008
- link4u.co.il keezmovies.com — The Lede at biu.ac.il, April 14, 2008
- shvoong.com (Russian) clickbank.com — drushim.co.il company news, Sept. 26, 2006
- sex-ly.com (Russian) nba.com, its exported and separately moderated version for LiveJournal is ims.gov.il.
- typepad.com (Russian) tinypic.com — FOM, 22.06.2009
- lottocash.co.il mininova.org
- hwzone.co.il (Russian) zooloo.co.il — Rumetrika/FOM report, 2007-01-10
- myvod.tv zoomap.co.il — Golden Telecom reference
- speedbit.com (Russian) mozilla.org — LinuxCenter.Ru, 03/12/2007
- cursorinfo.co.il (Russian) depositfiles.com — ALT Linux, 15/06/2009
[edu-negev.gov.il] External links
- ort.org.il by FOM (Public Opinion Foundation)
- miniclip.com, elsf.net, Fall 2004, by Alexander, Marcus
- hot.net.il, by Marcus Alexander, Department of Politics and International Relations, w3schools.com
- ynetnews.com — PHD thesis, israelinfo.ru, assennara.net
- kafe.co.il (Russian)
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